Livy I 26. p. 59

Non tulit populus nec patris lacrimas nec ipsius parem in omni periculo animum, absolveruntque admiratione magis virtutis quam iure causae.

The people did not bear neither the tear of the father nor the courage of the young man himself, which was the same in every danger, and they acquitted him more because of admiration of (his) virtue than the justice of his cause.

Itaque, ut caedes manifesta aliquo tamen piaculo lueretur, imperatum est patri ut filium expiaret pecunia publica. Is, quibusdam piacularibus sacrificiis factis, quae deinde genti Horatiae tradita sunt, transmisso per viam tigillo, capite adoperto velut sub iugum misit iuvenem.

Thus, so that the obvious slaughter would be atoned for by some sacrifice (ritual of purification), it was ordered to the father that he purify his son at public expense. With certain expiatory sacrifices having been made, which then became a tradition for the family of the Horatii (= which were afterwards handed down to the family of the Horatii as tradition), with a small beam having been send across the street, he (the father) sent the young man as if under the yoke with his head having been covered.

Id hodie quoque publice semper refectum manet: sororium tigillum vocant. Horatiae sepulcrum, quo loco corruerat icta, constructum est saxo quadrato.

Even today it always remains repaired at public expense: they called it the Sister’s Beam. A tomb of squared stone was built for Horatia in the very place where she had fallen having been stabbed.

Livy I 26 p. 57

Livy I 26 p. 57

Tum Horatius, auctore Tullo, clemente legis interprete, “Provoco” inquit. Itaque provocatione certatum ad populum est. Moti homines sunt in eo iudicio maxime P. Horatio patre proclamante se filiam iure caesam (esse) iudicare;

Then by the authority of Tullus, a merciful interpreter of the law, Horatius said “I appeal.” Thus by the appeal it was brought before the people (=the brought the case to the people). In this trial the people were moved greatly by Publius Horatius, the father, who was proclaiming that he himself judged that his daughter had been cut down justly.

dicebat enim, ni ita esset, patrio iure in filium animadversurum fuisse. Orabat deinde ne se, quem paulo ante cum egregia stirpe conspexissent, orbum liberis facerent.

For he was saying that, if that were not the case, he would have punished his son by his paternal authority. Then he was begging them not to deprive him of his children, him whom they had seen a little while ago with his distinguished offspring.

Inter haec senex iuvenem amplexus, spolia Curiatiorum fixa eo loco qui nunc Pila Horatia appellatur ostentans, “Huncine” aiebat, “quem modo decoratum ovantemque victoria incedentem vidistis, Quirites, eum sub furca vinctum inter verbera et cruciatus videre potestis?

During these (words) the old man having embraced the young man, showing the spoils of the Curiatii which were fastened to that place which is now called “The Spears of Horatius,” he was saying “This man, the very one whom you just saw marching decorated and rejoicing at his victory, Quirites, are you all able to watch him bound under the gallows between whips and torments?

Quod vix Albanorum oculi tam deforme spectaculum ferre possent. I, lector, colliga manus, quae paulo ante armatae imperium populo Romano pepererunt. I, caput obnube liberatoris urbis huius; arbore infelici suspende;

Such a deformed spectacle which even the eyes of the Albans could hardly endure.  Go, lictor, tie the hands, which a little while ago were armed and provided power to the Roman People.  Go, cover the head of the liberator of this city, hang (him) from a barren tree.

verbera vel intra pomerium, modo inter illa pila et spolia hostium, vel extra pomerium, modo inter sepulcra Curiatiorum; quo enim ducere hunc iuvenem potestis ubi non sua decora eum a tanta foeditate supplicii vindicent?”

Beat him either inside the city boundaries, provided that (you beat him) amongst those spears and spoils of the enemies, or outside the city, provided that (you beat him) amongst the graves of the Curiatii; for to which place can you lead this young man where his honor could not protect him from such a foul punishment?”

Livy I 26, p. 53

… Princeps Horatius ibat, trigemina spolia prae se gerens; cui soror virgo, quae desponsa uni ex Curiatiis fuerat, obvia ante portam Capenam fuit. Cognito super umeros fratris paludamento, quod ipsa confecerat, solvit crines et flebiliter nomine sponsum mortuum appellat.

Horatius was going first, holding before him the triple spoils; his maiden sister, who had been betrothed to one of the Curiatii, came to meet him before the gate Capena. With the cloak of her fiancé, which she herself had made, having been recognized on the shoulder of her brother, she loosens her hair and she calls her dead fiancé by name in tears.

Movet feroci iuveni animum comploratio sororis in victoria sua tantoque gaudio publico. Stricto itaque gladio, simul verbis increpans transfigit puellam. “Abi hinc cum immaturo amore ad sponsum,” inquit,

The mourning of the sister in his victory and in such a great public celebration moved the mind of the ferocious young man. And thus the sword having been drawn (drawing his sword), he ran her through rebuking her with words at the same time. “Go away from here with your untimely love to (your) fiancé,” he said,

“oblita fratrum mortuorum vivique, oblita patriae. Sic eat quaecumque Romana lugebit hostem.”

“having forgotten your dead brothers and your living one, having forgotten your country. Let thus perish whichever Roman woman will mourn for the enemy.”

Livy I 59, p. 81

Brutus, illis luctu occupatis, cultrum ex vulnere Lucretiae extractum, manantem cruore prae se tenens, “Per hunc” inquit “castissimum ante regiam iniuriam sanguinem iuro, vosque, di, testes facio

Brutus, with them having been occupied by grief, holding the knife before himself which had been pulled out of the wound of Lucretia and was dripping with blood, he said “I swear by this blood which was most pure before the royal injustice, and I call you, gods, as my witnesses

me L. Taquinium Superbum cum scelerata coniuge et omni liberorum stripe ferro igni, quacumque denique vi possim, exsecuturum, nec illos nec alium quemquam regnare Romae passurum esse.”

that I will pursue L. Tarquinius Superbus with his wicked wife and all of his children with sword, fire, and finally with whatever violence I can, nor will I allow them or any other to rule Rome.

Cultrum deinde Collatino tradit, inde Lucretio ac Valerio, stupentibus miraculo rei, unde sit novum in Bruti pectore ingenium. Ut praeceptum erat iurant; totique ab luctu versi in iram, Brutum iam inde ad expugnandum regnum vocantem sequuntur ducem.

Then he gave Collatinus the knife, and from him to Lucretius and Valerius, who were astounded by this miraculous thing, from where this new character appeared in the heart of Brutus. They swore as they were commanded; and everyone turned from grief to anger and then followed Brutus as the leader who was calling to attack the kingdom. 

Livy I 58 p. 79

Consolantur aegram animi avertendo noxam ab coacta in auctorem delicti: (dicunt) mentem peccare, non corpus, et unde consilium afuerit culpam abesse. “Vos” inquit “videritis quid illi debeatur:

They consoled Lucretia sick at heart by turning away the guilt from the woman having been forced to be raped against the maker of the crime. They said that the mind commits the crime, not the body, and from where there was no intention there is no blame. She said, “You all will see to it that (you get) what is owed by him.”

ego me etsi peccato absolvo, supplicio non libero; nec ulla deinde impudica Lucretiae exemplo vivet.” Cultrum, quem sub veste abditum habebat, eum in corde defigit, prolapsaque in vulnus moribunda cecidit…

even if I acquit myself of the sin, I do not free myself from punishment; nor any unchaste woman will live through the example of Lucretia.” The knife, which she had hidden under her garment, she plunged it into her heart, and having fallen forward onto the wound she fell dying (= she fell dying having fallen forward onto the wound).

Livy I 58 p. 77

Livy I 58 p. 77

Sp. Lucretius cum P. Valerio Volesi filio, Collatinus cum L. Iunio Bruto venit… Lucretiam sedentem maestam in cubiculo inveniunt. Adventu suorum lacrimae obortae (sunt), cumque maritus quaesivisset “Satin salvae?” “Minime” inquit;

Spurius Lucretius came with Publius Valerius, the son of Volesus, Collatinus (came) with Lucius Junius Brutus… The found Lucretia sitting in her room crying (grieving). Tears rose up at the arrival of her near and dear, and when her husband asked “Is everything ok?” “No” she said;

“quid enim salvi est mulieri, amissa pudicitia? Vestigia viri alieni, Collatine, in lecto sunt tuo; ceterum corpus est tantum violatum, animus insons; mors testis erit. Sed date dexteras fidemque (rem) haud impune adultero fore.

For what of safety is there for a woman, with chastity having been lost? The traces of another man, Collatinus, are in your bed; but my body was violated only, my soul is guiltless; death will be my witness. But give your right hand and your word that the adulterer will not go unpunished.

Sex. est Tarquinius qui hostis pro hospite priore nocte vi armatus pestiferum hinc abstulit gaudium. Hoc gaudium est mihi pestiferum, et erit Sexto Tarquinio pestiferum, si viri estis.” Dant ordine omnes fidem.

Sextus Tarquinius is the one who last night, an enemy instead of a guest, armed with force, carried away from here a deadly pleasure. This pleasure is destructive for me, and it will be deadly for Sextus Tarquinius, if you are men.” They give their word in a row. 

Livy I 58 p. 75

Paucis interiectis diebus, Sex. Tarquinius, inscio Collatino, cum comite uno Collatiam venit.

After a few days, with Collatinus unaware, Sex. Tarquinius came to Collatia with one companion.

Exceptus benigne ab ignaris consilii, cum post cenam in hospitale cubiculum deductus esset, amore ardens, postquam satis tuta (omnia) circa sopitique omnes videbantur, stricto gladio ad dormientem Lucretiam venit, sinistraque manu mulieris pectus oppressit.

Having been welcomed kindly by the ones who were unaware of his plan, when he was led to the guest room after dinner, burning with love, when everything seemed to be adequately safe and everyone around seemed to be  asleep, he drew his sword and came to sleeping Lucretia and he grabbed the breast of the woman with his left hand.

 “Tace, Lucretia” inquit; “Sex. Tarquinius sum; ferrum in manu est; moriere, si emiseris vocem.”

“Be silent, Lucretia” he said: “I am Sex. Tarquinis; I have a sword in my hand; you will die, if you raise your voice.”

Cum pavida ex somno mulier nullam opem, prope mortem imminentem videret, tum Tarquinius fassus est amorem, oravit, miscuit precibus minas, versavit in omnes partes muliebrem animum.

When the woman, terrified out of her sleep, saw no help around but only imminent death, then Tarquinius confessed his love, he begged (her), mixed threat with prayer, he turned the woman’s spirit in all ways (=he used every form of pressure on the womanly mind).

Ubi obstinatam videbat et ne mortis quidem metu inclinari, addit ad metum dedecus: cum mortua iugulatum servum nudum positurum ait, ut in sordid adulterio necata dicatur.

When Tarquinius saw that she was determined and that she was not willing to change her mind even from fear of death, he added the threat of disgrace to the fear: after she would die, he said that he would place a slain naked slave (next to her) so that she may be said to have been killed in (or: during) dirty adultery.

Quo terrore cum vicisset obstinatam pudicitiam velut victrix libido, profectusque inder Tarquinius ferox expugnato decore muliebri esset, Lucretia maesta tanto malo nuntium Romam eundem ad patrem Ardeamque ad virum mittit, ut cum singulis fidelibus amicis veniant. Dixit aliquid celeriter esse faciendum; rem atrocem incidisse.

When by which fear his desire as a conqueror had overcome her determined modesty and then Tarquinius set out wildly delighted by the violation of her womanly honor (= and afterwards savage Tarquinius had set out with the honor of the woman having been violated), Lucretia being sad by such a great evil sent the same messenger to Rome to her father and to Ardea to her husband, (asking them) to come each one with a loyal friend. She said that something had to be done quickly; a terrible thing had happened.

Livy I 57 p. 73

Livy I 57 p. 73

Forte potantibus his apud Sex. Tarquinium, ubi et Collatinus cenabat Tarquinius, Egeri filius, incidit de uxoribus mentio. Suam quisque uxorem laudabat miris modis;

Luckily, when his men were drinking near Sex. Tarquinius, and where Collatinus Tarquinius was eating, son of Egerus, mention of their wives came up. Each one praised his wife in extravagant ways.

inde certamen quoddam est exortum: Collatinus negat verbis opus esse; dixit paucis id quidem horis posse sciri quantum ceteris praestet Lucretia sua.

then a certain competition broke out: Collatinus denied there was a need for words; he said that it indeed could be known in a little time how much his own Lucretia surpassed the others.

“Quin, si vigor iuventae inest, conscendimus equos invisimusque praesentes nostrarum (feminarum) ingenia? Id cuique spectatissimum sit quod necopinato viri adventu occurrerit oculis.”

“If there is power in youth, why don’t we mount our horses and go see for ourselves the nature of our (women)? Let the best test for each one be this thing which will meet the eyes at the unexpected arrival of (her) husband.”

Incaluerant vino; “Age sane” omnes. Citatis equis avolant Romam.

They were warm with wine; “Let’s do it” said everyone. At full gallop they hurried off to Rome.

Quo cum, primis se intendentibus tenebris, pervenissent, pergunt inde Collatiam, ubi Lucretiam, haudquaquam ut regias nurus, quas in convivio luxuque cum aequalibus viderant tempus terentes, sed nocte sera deditam lanae inter lucubrantes ancillas in medio aedium sedentem inveniunt.

To which place after they had arrived while the shadows were stretching themselves (=> After they had arrived there when the sun was going down), they proceeded from there to Collatia, where they found Lucretia not as (they found) the daughters-in-law of the king, whom they had seen wasting their time by a luxurious feast with their peers, but (they found Lucretia) devoted to her wool though late at night and sitting in the middle of the house amongst her maids who were working  by lamp-light.

Muliebris certaminis laus penes Lucretiam fuit. Adveniens vir Tarquiniique excepti (sunt) benigne; victor maritus comiter invitat regios iuvenes.

Praise of the competition about wives was given to Lucretia. Her approaching husband and the Tarquins were kindly received; the victorious husband politely invited the royal youths.

Ibi Sex. Tarquinium mala libido Lucretiae per vim stuprandae capit; cum forma, tum spectata castitas incitat. Et tum quidem ab nocturne iuvenali ludo in castra redeunt.

There an evil desire seized Sex. Tarquinius to corrupt by force Lucretia; not only her beauty but also her proven chastity aroused (him). And then finally they returned to the camp after their nocturnal youthful play.

Livy I 56 p. 69

Livy I 56 p. 69

Quo postquam ventum est, perfectis patris mandatis, cupido incessit animos iuvenum sciscitandi ad quem eorum regnum Romanum esset venturum.

When they arrived there, with the commands of the king having been completed, a desire fell upon the souls of the young men to ask to whom of them the Roman kingdom would go.

Ex infimo specu vocem redditam (esse) ferunt: “Imperium summum Romae habebit qui vestrum primus, o iuvenes, osculum matri tulerit.”

They say that the reply came from the deepest part of the cave: “The one of you who kisses his mother first, young men, will have the greatest power of Rome.”

Tarquinii, [ut Sextus, (qui Romae relictus fuerat,) ignarus responsi expersque imperii esset,] rem summa ope taceri iubent; ipsi inter se, [uter prior, (cum Romam redisset), matri osculum daret,] sorti permittunt.

The Tarquins ordered the matter to be concealed with all possible care so that Sextus, who had been left at Rome, would be unaware of the response and devoid of power; they among themselves entrusted to lot-drawing who of the two would give a kiss to his mother first, once he had returned to Rome.

Brutus alio ratus spectare Pythicam vocem, (velut si prolapsus cecidisset,) terram osculo contigit, scilicet (quod ea communis mater omnium esset). Reditum (est) inde Romam, ubi adversus Rutulos bellum summa vi parabatur.

Thinking that Pythia’s words had another meaning, Brutus pretended to stumble and fall down and touched the earth with a kiss (= kissed the earth), evidently because she is the common mother of everyone. Then they returned to Rome where a war was vigorously being prepared.

Livy I 56 p. 67

Is cum primores civitatis (interfectos esse), in quibus fratrem suum ab avunculo interfectum (esse) audisset, neque in animo suo quicquam, quod esset regi timendum, neque in fortuna, quod esset regi concupiscendum, relinquere statuit, contemptuque tutus esse decrevit, ubi in iure parum praesidii sibi esset.

When he had heard that the leaders of the city among whom his own brother were killed by his uncle, he decided not to leave in his mind something that the king would fear (= that was to be feared by the king), nor something in his fortune that the king would desire, and he also decided to be safe by being held in contempt, where there was little of protection for himself in justice.

Ergo ex industria hominem stultum imitabatur, cum se suaque praedae esse regi sineret, Bruti quoque haud abnuit cognomen ut sub eius obtentu cognominis liberator ille populi Romani animus latens opperiretur tempora sua.

Therefore he was imitating a foolish man on purpose, while he allowing himself and his things to be a source of gain for the king, and also he scarcely refused the name Brutus so that

Is tum ab Tarquiniis ductus Delphos, ludibrium verius quam comes, aureum baculum inclusum corneo baculo, quod erat ob illam causam cavatum, tulisse donum Apollini dicitur. Hoc baculum per ambages effigiem praebebat ingenii, quod habebat Brutus.

Then having been led by the Tarquins to Delphi, in truth as a mockery more than a companion, he is said to have brought as a gift to Apollo a golden staff included in a wooden staff, which had been hollowed out for this purpose. This staff was presenting in a roundabout way an image of the character which Brutus had.

Livy I 56 p. 65

Livy I 56, p. 65

(Tarquinio) haec agenti portentum terribile est visum: anguis ex columna lignea elapsus, cum terrorem fugamque in regiam fecisset, ipsius regis non tam subito pavore perculit pectus quam anxiis implevit curis.

A terrible omen was seen by Tarquinius who was accomplishing these things: a snake sliding down from a wooden column, after it had caused (the people) in the palace to flee in terror, it struck the heart of the king himself not so much with sudden fear as it filled it with anxious concerns.

Itaque cum ad publica prodigia Etrusci tantum vates adhiberentur, rex hoc velut domestico exterritus visu Delphos, ad maxime inclitum in terris oraculum, legatos mittere statuit.

Thus, while only Etruscan prophets were consulted for public omens, the king terrified by this vision as if it were concerning his household decided to send legates to Delphi, the most famous oracle in the world.

Neque responsa sortium ulli alii committere ausus, duos filios per ignotas ea tempestate terras, ignotiora maria in Graeciam misit. Titus et Arruns sunt profecti;

And since he did not dare to entrust the response of the oracle to anyone else, he sent his two sons through lands unknown at that time, and even more unknown seas in Greece. Titus and Arruns set out;

comes iis additus (est) L. Iunius Brutus, Tarquinia, sorore regis, natus, iuvenis longe alius ingenii quam cuius simulationem induerat.

L. Junius Brutus was given to them as a companion, the son of Tarquinia the sister of the king, a young man of a character way different than the pretense of the one he had put on.

Livy I 55, p. 61

Tarquinius pacem cum Aequorum gente fecit, foedus cum Tuscis renovavit. Inde ad negotia urbana animum convertit;

Tarquinius made peace with the people of Aequi, he renewed the treaty with the Etruscans. Then turned his attention to the affairs of the city;

quorum erat primum ut Iovis templum in monte Tarpeio monumentum regni sui nominisque relinqueret, ut posteri scirent Tarquinios, reges ambos, patrem vovisse, filium perfecisse.

of which, the first (order of business) was to leave behind (as a legacy) a temple of Jupiter on the Tarpeian Mountain as a monument to his kingship and name, in order that the descendants (i.e. those coming after) might know that of the Tarquins, both being kings, the father had vowed and the son had completed (sc. the temple).

Livy I 9 p. 37

Livy I 9, p. 37

Sed ipse Romulus circumibat docebatque patrum id superbia factum esse, qui conubium finitimis negassent;

But Romulus himself was going around and saying that this (i.e. the abduction) was done because of the arrogance of the parents, who had refused marriage to their neighbors;

 illas tamen in matrimonio, in societate fortunarum omnium civitatisque et, quo nihil carius humano generi sit, liberum fore; mollirent modo iras et, quibus fors corpora dedisset, darent animos;

those women nevertheless would be in matrimony, in partnership of all fortunes and citizenship and of children, from which nothing is more dear to the human race; that they should just mitigate their anger and give their hearts to whom chance had given their bodies.

saepe ex iniuria postmodum gratiam ortam esse; eoque melioribus usuras esse viris quod adnisurus pro se quisque sit ut, cum suam vicem functus officio sit, parentium etiam patriaeque earum expleat desiderium.

that often affection rose out of injustice after a while; for this reason they would find their husbands better (i.e. to be more kind) because each would try his best so that while for his part performing his duty he would also make up for the longing of their parents and their homeland.

Accedebant blanditiae virorum factum purgantium cupiditate atque amore, quae maxime ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces sunt.

The blandishments of the men were added, who were trying to excuse their deed on the grounds of desire and love, which pleas are most efficient to the feminine nature.

Livy I 9 p. 35

Livy I 9, p. 35

Ubi spectaculi tempus venit deditaeque eo mentes cum oculis erant, tum ex composito orta est vis, signoque dato, iuventus Romana ad rapiendas virgines discurrit.

When the time of the spectacle came and everyone’s minds and eyes were absorbed there, then according to the agreement violence arose and with the signal having been given the Roman youths ran around for the purpose of seizing the maidens.

Magna pars (forte in quem Romanum quaeque inciderat) raptae (sunt): quasdam forma excellentes primoribus patrum destinatas ex plebe homines, quibus datum negotium erat, domos deferebant.

The great part (of the women) were snatched by the Roman in front of whom each one happened to run across: some of the women excelling in beauty having been chosen by the leading senators were taken to the houses by men of plebeian origin to whom the task had been given.

Unam specie ac pulchritudine multo speciosiorem quam alias ab amicis Thalassi cuiusdam raptam (esse) ferunt, multisque sciscitantibus cuinam eam ferrent, identidem eos, ne quis violaret, Thalassio ferri clamare: inde nuptialem hanc vocem esse factam.

They say that one (maiden) more beautiful than the others in respect to appearance and beauty was snatched by the friends of a certain Thalassius, and with many people asking to whom they were carrying her, they repeatedly shouted that she was being carried to Thalassius so that no other would claim her: there from came this wedding shout.

Turbato per metum ludicro, maesti parentes virginum profugiunt, incusantes violati hospitii foedus deumque invocantes cuius ad sollemne ludosque per fas ac fidem decepti venissent. Nec raptis aut spes de se melior aut indignatio est minor.

After the show had been thrown into confusion by fear, the sad fathers of the maidens fled, accusing that the treaty of hospitality had been violated and invoking the god to whose festival and shows they had come, having been deceived despite what was right and faithful. The hope of the snatched maidens about themselves was not better nor was their anger less (than their parents’).

Livy I 7, p. 23

Priori Remo augurium venisse fertur, sex vultures; iamque nuntiato augurio cum duplex numerus Romulo se ostendisset, utrumque regem sua multitudo consalutaverat: tempore illi praecepto, at hi numero avium regnum trahebant.

It is said that an omen came to Remus first, six vultures; and with the omen having been announced when double a number revealed itself to Romulus, his own crowd greeted each one as a king: those (Remus’ supporters) claimed the kingship on the ground of priority of time, these (Romulus’ supporters) on the ground of the number of birds.

Inde cum altercatione congressi certamine irarum ad caedem vertuntur; ibi in turba ictus Remus cecidit. Vulgatior fama est ludibrio fratris Remum novos transiluisse muros;

Then having engaged in argument they turned themselves to slaughter because of the struggle of their passions; there having been struck in the crowd Remus died. The more common story is that Remus out of mockery of his brother had jumped over the new walls.

inde ab irato Romulo, [cum verbis quoque increpitans adiecisset], (“Sic (pereat) deinde, quicumque alius transiliet moenia mea,”) interfectum (esse). Ita solus potitus (est) imperio Romulus; condita urbs conditoris nomine appellata (est).

Then Remus was killed by angry Romulus, after he had added, also rebuking him (Remus) with words, “Thus may he die (perish), whoever else will jump over my walls.” Thus Romulus alone obtained the power; after its foundation the city was named after the name of its founder.

Livy I 6 (p. 15, 17, 19)

Ita undique regi dolus nectitur. Romulus non cum globo iuvenum venit – nec enim erat ad vim apertam par;

So the trickery is woven against the king from all sides. Romulus did not come with his band of youngsters – for he was not equal in an open fight.

sed alios pastores alio itinere certo tempore ad regiam venire iussit et ad regem impetum fecit; et a domo Numitoris alia comparata manu adiuvat Remus. Ita regem obtruncat.

but he ordered the other shepherds to come to the palace by other routes at the designated time and he attacked the king; and (coming) from the house of Numitor Remus helped after he had prepared another force. So he slaughters the king.

Numitor inter primum tumultum, hostes invasisse urbem atque adortos  (esse) regiam dictitabat.

At the beginning of the disturbance Numitor was insisting that enemies had invaded the city and they had attacked the palace.

Cum pubem Albanam in arcem praesidio armisque obtinendam avocasset, postquam iuvenes perpetrata caede pergere ad se gratulantes vidit, extemplo concilium advocavit.

When he had summoned away the youth of Alba to occupy the citadel with garrison and arms, after the killing was done and he saw the young men approaching him to congratulate him, he immediately called for a council.

In eo concilio scelera in se fratris, originem nepotum, ut geniti, ut educati, ut cogniti essent, caedem deinceps tyranni seque eius auctorem (esse) ostendit.

In this council he showed his brother’s crimes against himself, the origin of his grandsons, how they had been born, how they had been brought up, how they had been recognized, next the slaughter of the tyrant and himself to be the instigator of this (slaughter).

Iuvenes per mediam contionem agmine ingressi cum avum regem salutassent, secuta ex omni multitudine consentiens vox ratum nomen imperiumque regi efficit.

When the youths had marched in line in the middle of the assembly and had saluted their grandfather as king, an agreeing shout from everyone followed and ratified the name and the power for the king.

Ita Numitori Albana re (publica) permissa Romulum Remumque cupido cepit in iis locis ubi expositi ubique educati erant urbis condendae. Et supererat mulltitudo Albanorum Latinorumque;

Thus with the state of Alba having been entrusted to Numitor a desire seized Romulus and Remus to found a city in these places where they had been exposed and where they had been brought up.

ad id pastores quoque accesserant, qui omnes facile spem facerent parvam Albam, parvum Lavinium prae ea urbe quae conderetur fore.

to this the shepherds were also added so that all of them easily gave rise to the hope that Alba would be small, Lavinium would be small compared to this city which would be founded (i.e.: which was about to be founded).

Intervenit deinde his cogitationibus avitum malum, regni cupido, atque inde foedum certamen coortum (est) a satis miti principio.

Afterwards the ancestral evil, the desire of the throne, interrupted these thoughts and from there a horrible struggle broke out from a gentle beginning (a quite harmless beginning).

Quoniam gemini essent nec aetatis verecundia discrimen facere posset, ut di quorum tutelae ea loca essent auguriis legerent qui nomen novae urbi daret, qui conditam (urbem) imperio regeret, Palatium Romulus, Remus Aventinum ad inaugurandum templa capiunt.

Since they were twins and respect of age was not able to make a difference, Romulus takes the Palatine, Remus (takes) the Aventine as quarters of the sky to make the observations (i.e. to look for omens) so that the gods, under whose protection those places were, would choose by omens the one who was to give the name to the new city, who was to rule over it with power after its foundation.

Livy I 5 p. 13

Sic Numitori ad supplicium Remus deditur. Iam inde ab initio Faustulo spes fuerat regiam stirpem apud se educari; nam et expositos (esse) iussu regis infantes sciebat et tempus quo ipse eos sustulisset ad id ipsum congruere;

Thus Remus was given to Numitor for punishment. Right from the beginning Faustulus had hoped the king’s offspring was being raised at his place; for he knew both that by the king’s order the babies had been exposed and that the time at which he had picked them agreed with that event;

sed rem immaturam nisi aut per occasionem aut per necessitate aperiri noluerat. Necessitas prior venit: ita metu subactus Romulo rem aperit.

but he was unwilling to reveal this thing prematurely unless either through opportunity or through necessity (or: he didn’t want this thing to be revealed …). Necessity came first: thus having been compelled by fear he revealed this thing to Romulus.

Forte, cum Numitor in custodia Remum haberet audissetque geminos esse fratres, et aetatem eorum et ipsam minime servile indolem comparavit.

By chance, when Numitor had Remus in custody and he had heard the brothers to be twins, he reflected on both the age of them and their very character which was least slavelike.

Iam memoria nepotum aniumum eius tetigerat; sciscitandoque eodem pervenit ut haud procul esset quin Remum agnosceret.

Now the memory of his grandchildren had touched his mind; and by asking he came to the same conclusion that he was not far off from recognizing Remus.

Livy I 4, (p. 9)

Ita geniti itaque educati, cum primum adolevit aetas, nec in stabulis nec ad pecora segnes venando peragrare saltus. Hinc robore corporibus animisque sumpto

Thus having been born and thus brought up, as soon as they came of age being lazy neither in their home nor (in working with) the flock, they wandered the woods hunting. From this (or: In this way) with strength in body and spirit having been obtained (or: they achieved strength of body and mind)

iam non feras tantum subsistere sed in latrones praeda onustos impetus facere pastoribusque rapta dividere et cum his crescente in dies grege iuvenum seria ac iocos celebrare.

they now fought not only wild beasts but they attacked robbers who were burdened with spoils and they divided the captured spoils amongst the shepherds and with them they engaged in serious and leisure affairs with the group of young men growing by the day (or: as the group of young men daily grew larger).

Livy I.4 (p. 5,7)

Forte quadam divinitus super ripas Tiberis effusus lenibus stagnis adiri usquam ad iusti amnis cursum non poterat, sed spem ferentibus dabat posse quamvis languida mergi aqua infantes.

By a certain divine chance the Tiber, having spread out over its banks into gentle pools, was not able to be approached anywhere to its normal course, but he (or: it – the river) gave hope to those carrying the children that they could be drowned even in sluggish water.

Ita velut defuncti regis imperio in proxima alluvie ubi nunc ficus Ruminalis est – Romularem vocatam ferunt – pueros exponunt. Vastae tum in his locis solitudines erant.

Thus as if having done the order of the king they exposed the boys in the nearest pool, where there is now the Ruminalis fig-tree – they say it had been called ‘the fig-tree of Romulus.’ At that time in these places there was a vast nothingness (there were vast desolate places). 

Tenet fama cum tenuis aqua fluitantem alveum, quo expositi erant pueri, in sicco destituisset, lupam sitientem ex montibus, qui circa sunt, ad puerilem vagitum cursum flexisse;

Rumor has it that when the delicate water set down in a dry place the basket, in which the boys had been exposed, a thirsty she-wolf (coming) from the mountains which were around directed her course towards the cries of the boys.

eam adeo mitem submissas mammas infantibus praebuisse ut lingua lambentem pueros magister regii pecoris invenerit – Faustulo fuisse nomen ferunt;

and that she let down her breasts and offered them to the boys so gently that the chief shepherd of the royal flock found (her) licking the boys with her tongue – they say that his name was Faustulus;

ab eo ad stabula Larentiae uxori educandos datos (esse). Sunt qui Larentiam vulgato corpore lupam inter pastores vocatam (esse) putent; inde locum fabulae ac miraculo datum.

from him they were given to Larentia, his wife, to be brought up at his dwelling (hut). There are those who believe that Larentia was called “she-wolf” among the shepherds because she presented her body (or: because she had been a prostitute); there from the origin of the tale and of the miracle (or: of a miraculous story) was given.